黑白鐵加工的基本原理，你了解嗎

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黑白鐵加工淬火是一種熱處理工藝。高溫度保溫一段時(shí)間后，使之全部或是部分奧氏體化，然后以大于臨界冷卻的速度實(shí)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)變的熱處理工藝。通常是將鋁合金、銅合金、鋼化玻璃等材料的固溶處理或是帶有快速冷卻過程的熱處理工藝稱之為淬火。退火是一種黑白鐵加工熱處理工藝，除此之外還有正火、回火。

Quenching process is a kind of heat treatment process. After holding at high temperature for a period of time, the whole or part of the austenite, and then more than the critical cooling rate to achieve transformation of the heat treatment process. Usually the solid solution treatment of aluminum alloy, copper alloy, tempered glass and other materials or the heat treatment process with rapid cooling process is called quenching. Annealing is a black-and-white iron processing heat treatment process, in addition to normalizing and tempering.

退火指的是將金屬緩慢加熱到一定的溫度，保持足夠的時(shí)間，之后以適宜速度實(shí)現(xiàn)冷卻。目的是降低其硬度，改善切削的加工性能，殘余應(yīng)力，穩(wěn)定尺寸，而減少變形與裂紋的傾向，細(xì)化晶粒和調(diào)整組織，組織的缺陷。退火工藝隨目的之不同是有多種的，如等溫的退火、均勻化與球化退火、去除應(yīng)力與再結(jié)晶退火及穩(wěn)定化退火、磁場(chǎng)退火等。

Annealing refers to slowly heating the metal to a certain temperature, holding enough time, and then cooling at an appropriate rate. The aim is to reduce the hardness, improve the machining performance, eliminate the residual stress, stabilize the size, reduce the tendency of deformation and crack, refine the grain and adjust the structure, and eliminate the defects of the structure. Annealing processes vary according to the purpose, such as isothermal annealing, homogenization and spheroidization annealing, stress removal and recrystallization annealing, stabilization annealing, magnetic field annealing, etc.

正火是將鋼加熱到臨界點(diǎn)，保溫一定時(shí)間之后，在靜止的空氣中冷卻的熱處理工藝稱之為正火。正火能細(xì)化的晶粒，提高黑白鐵加工的沖擊韌度和綜合力學(xué)性能。黑白鐵加工經(jīng)淬火加高溫回火的熱處理工藝稱之為調(diào)質(zhì)處理，調(diào)質(zhì)處理后可得到強(qiáng)塑性、韌性都比較好的綜合力學(xué)性能。黑白鐵加工通過熱處理可以充分發(fā)揮鋼材潛力，以提高工件的使用性能，減輕工件的實(shí)際重量，節(jié)約材料和降低成本，還能延長工件的實(shí)際使用壽命。

Normalizing is a heat treatment process in which steel is heated to a critical point and cooled in still air for a certain period of time. Normalizing can refine grain and improve the impact toughness and comprehensive mechanical properties of ferrous and ferrous metals. The quenching and tempering process of black and white iron is called quenching and tempering. After quenching and tempering, the comprehensive mechanical properties with good strength, plasticity and toughness can be obtained. Black and white iron processing through heat treatment can give full play to the potential of steel to improve the workpiece performance, reduce the actual weight of the workpiece, save materials and reduce costs, but also extend the actual service life of the workpiece.

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